Case report: melasma and its treatment

Abstract

Melasma is an acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation characterized by asymmetric, brown-colored, irregular, reticulated macules on sun-exposed on sun-exposed areas of the skin, especially the face. Despite numerous studies on melasma, the etiology of this disorder remains unknown. However, multiple factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition, these include genetic influences, exposure to UV radiation, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, estrogen-progesterone therapies, thyroid dysfunction, cosmetics, and phototoxic and antiseizure drugs. The treatment of melasma has been challenging, therapies have included the routine use of broadspectrum sunscreens and various concentration of hydroquinone with or without the addition of tretinoin, salicylic acid, or glycolic acid. In addition, azelaic acid, chemical peels and laser therapies are used.